CBSE Class 12 Biology Notes: Chapterwise Notes, Syllabus & NCERT Solutions PDF

CBSE Class 12 Biology notes as per the latest CBSE Class 12 syllabus has been provided in this article. Students can make use of these CBSE Class 12 notes which consist of important concepts, theories, NCERT Solutions PDFs and important questions for their CBSE Class 12 Board exam preparation.

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CBSE Class 12 Biology Notes & Syllabus

CBSE Class 12 Biology syllabus consists of 13 chapters classified under 6 units. The new CBSE Class 12 Biology syllabus for the AY 2022-23 is tabulated below.

Class 12 Biology Notes for Chapter 2: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

This chapter includes various topics related to the sexual reproduction in flowering plants. Important topics covered in Sexual Reproduction in flowering Plants Chapter are-

• Flower structure
• Vegetative propagation in plants
• Pollination
• Gemmule formation
• Double fertilization
• Parthenocarpy

Expected number of questions: 1 to 3 questions of 1-3 marks

Also Read, NCERT Solutions for Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Class 12 Biology Notes for Chapter 3: Human Reproduction

This chapter introduced the concept of Reproductive System of Humans along with related topics like- Fertilization, stem cells etc. Important topics covered in Human Reproduction Chapter are- 

• Male and Female Reproductive system
• Menstrual cycle
• Female Hormones
• Implantation
• Lactation
• Parturition

Expected number of questions: 1 to 3 questions of 1-3 marks

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Class 12 Biology Notes for Chapter 4: Reproductive Health

This chapter can be considered as an extensive study related to the previous chapter. It als deals with the concept of Infertility and other health issues related to the reproductive helath. Here are the imoprotant topics from this chapter- 

• Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STIs)
• Birth control
• Medical termination of pregnancy
• Infant Mortality Rate
• Syphili
• Amniocentesis

Expected number of questions: 1 to 3 questions of 1-3 marks

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Class 12 Biology Notes for Chapter 5: Principles of Inheritance and Variation

In this chapter the students will learn about the Principles of Inheritance and Variation along with idaes of Linkage and crossing over, Colour blindness, Thalassemia, Hemophilia. Here are the important topics from this chapter-

• Mendelian Inheritance
• Incomplete Dominance
• Pleiotropy
• Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance
• Chromosomes and Genes
• Down’s Syndrome

Expected number of questions: 2 to 3 questions of 1-5 marks

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Class 12 Biology Notes for Chapter 6: Molecular Basis of Inheritance

This chapter can be considered as an extensive part of the previous chapters. It includes topics like- DNA packaging, DNA replication, Genetic code, Genome, DNA. Here are the important topics from this chapter-

• Structure of DNA
• Structure of RNA
• Transcription
• Lac operon
• Genome and Genomics
• DNA fingerprinting

Expected number of questions: 2 to 3 questions of 1-5 marks

Also Read, 

Class 12 Biology Notes for Chapter 7: Evolution

This chapter is all about Evolution and it deals with the related topics like Lamarckism, Palaeontology, Origin of Life etc. Here are the important topics from this chapter-

• Origin and Evolution of Man
• Mechanism of Evolution
• Charles darwin theory
• Homo erectus
• Genetic drift
• Embryology
• Gene flow

Expected number of questions: 2 to 3 questions of 1-5 marks

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Class 12 Biology Notes for Chapter 8: Human Health and Diseases

In this chapter the ideas of various diseases are described with their causes. This chapter includes- Pathogens, Malaria, Dengue, Filariasis,  etc. Here are the important topics related to this chapter-

• Disease
• Immunity
• Cancer
• AIDS 
• Metastasis
• Alcohol and Drug Abuse
• Typhoid

Expected number of questions: 1 to 3 questions of 1-5 marks

Also Read, 

Class 12 Biology Notes for Chapter 10: Microbes in Human Welfare

In this chapter the ideas about microbes in human welfare are explained here that includes the ideas of Ganga action plan, Leprosy, vitamin b 12 deficiency etc. Here are the important topics from this chapter-

• Sewage Treatment
• Antibiotics
• Fertilizers
• Microbiology
• Microbes in production of biogas

Expected number of questions: 1 to 3 questions of 1-5 marks

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Class 12 Biology Notes for Chapter 11: Biotechnology Principles and Processes

This chapter introduced the core ideas of Biotechnology. It includes related topics like the applications of biotechnologies, Extinction, Endengered Species and pcr etc. Here are the important topics from this chapter- 

• Genetic Engineering
• Recombinant DNA Technology
• Biotechnology and its applications
• DNA Cloning
• Restriction Enzymes

Expected number of questions: 1 to 5 questions of 1-5 marks

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Class 12 Biology Notes for Chapter 12: Biotechnology and its Applications

This chapter can be considered as an extensive study related to the previous chapter. In this chapter related topics like Plasmid Definition, GEAC, etc. Important topics covered in Biotechnology and Its Applications Chapter are:

• Biotechnology In Agriculture
• Applications of Enzymes
• Transgenic Animals
• Genetically modified organisms
• Human insulin
• RNA Interference

Expected number of questions: 1 to 5 questions of 1-5 marks

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Class 12 Biology Notes for Chapter 13: Organisms and Population

This chapter includes a detailed study on the topic- Organisms and Populations, along with the concept of studying population by quadrat method. Important topics covered in Organisms and Population Chapter are-

• Population
• Population interactions
• Mutualism
• Predation
• Parasitism
• Commensalism

Expected number of questions: 1 to 3 questions of 1-3 marks

Also Read, NCERT Solutions for Organisms and Population

Class 12 Biology Notes for Chapter 14: Ecosystem

This chapter deals with a very important topic- Ecosystem. In this chapter the related topics like Photosynthetically active radiation, Phosphorus Cycle, Abiotic Factors, etc. Important topics covered in this chapter are-

• Importance of Ecosystem
• Carbon Cycle
• Biomass
• Energy flow in ecosystem
• Aquatic Ecosystem

Expected number of questions: 1 to 3 questions of 1-3 marks

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Class 12 Biology Notes for Chapter 15: Biodiversity and Conservation

This chapter deals with the related topics with the previous chapter. In this chapter, related topics like Biodiversity conservation, Hotspots, Endemic Species are explained. Important topics covered in Biodiversity and Conservation Chapter are-

• Biosphere reserves
• Loss of biodiversity
• National parks
• Ramsar sites
• Red Data Book
• Sanctuaries 
• Wildlife
• Mass extinctions

Expected number of questions: 1 to 3 questions of 1-3 marks

Also Read, 

Class 12 Biology Practicals

CBSE Class 12 Biology practicals has a weightage of 30 marks in total and the test shall be conducted for a duration of 3 hours. 

The distribution of marks for the Class 12 Biology practicals is tabulated below.

Popular Reference books & Additional Resources

Students can also make use of these additional resources for Class 12 Biology Notes where all the important concepts, topics, theories and handwritten notes are available.

• Truman’s Class 12 Elementary Biology 

Also Check,